Paralanguage includes elements like pitch and intonation but should not lead to assumptions about meaning. What else does it include?

Paralanguage encompasses the non-verbal elements of communication that accompany spoken language, greatly influencing how messages are interpreted. Alongside pitch and intonation, rhythm is a significant aspect of paralanguage, as it refers to the flow and pattern of speech. The rhythm of someone's speech can convey emotions, urgency, and emphasis, thereby affecting understanding without altering the actual words used.

In contrast, facial expressions and body language, while essential aspects of non-verbal communication, fall under non-verbal cues rather than paralanguage specifically. Listening style, meanwhile, relates more to how a recipient processes information rather than the qualities of vocal expression. Thus, rhythm is a key component of paralanguage that enhances and is integral to conveying meaning in spoken communication.